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The tolerance for homosexuality has been rising. The main reason for this is that the topic of homosexuality has been neglected or ignored, and if mentioned at all, emphasis is placed on the "normality" ideology: homosexuality is just a natural sexual alternative. So far too few medical people, behavioral scientists, and psychotherapists have even a rudimentary knowledge of this subject.
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Homosexuality is an inverse sexual orientation. Claims showing genetic or hormonal basis for homosexuality have been used by professed gays or lesbians. There are four scientific events most used to support the inherent cause of homosexuality. These are:
1. Alfred Kinsey's report in 1948 that ten percent of the population is homosexual;
2. Removal of homosexuality as a sexual dysfunction by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1973;
3. Simon LaVey's 1991 study of the human hypothalamus;
4. Michael Bailey's 1991 study of the sexual orientations of identical and fraternal twins.
Numerous scientific evidences proved that these studies are invalid, inaccurate and questionable. Eight major studies have been performed to determine the actual percentage of homosexuals in the general population. The average percentage of homosexuality among both genders would be about 0.7 percent. With the Kinsey report and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIHM) Task Force on Homosexuality Final Report the APA eliminated homosexuality as a mental disorder on its 1973 edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual but Dr, Brian Clowes reported that APA members vote to declare homosexuality on a level with normal sexuality was not really based on any new scientific evidence.
The 1991 studies of LaVeys and Baileys were trying to prove the genetic basis for homosexuality. LaVeys examined the brains of 35 male cadavers (16 heterosexuals and 19 admitted homosexuals) to find any differences between those of homosexuals and normal people. The result showed that heterosexual brains had smalller brain nodes than the homosexual brains. However, of his 16 heterosexuals, six of these died of AIDS and its related complications that could affect cerebral tissue. Another problem with his study is the number of his sample population which is unrepresentative of the whole population. Finally, LaVeys conclusion is flawed because the brain node in question has not been proven as being either a cause or an effect of homosexuality.
The twins study concluded that the incidence of homosexuality became higher as the genetic link between brothers became closer. However, Anne Fausto Stirling, a developmental biologist of Brown University, said that this study "to be meaningful, look at twins raised apart" otherwise "it is such badly interpreted genetics." Dr. Bailey himself acknowledged that "there must be something in the environment to yield the discordant twins."
Studies showing hormonal basis for homosexuality had subsided. The study of Dr, Gunter Dorner on rats have been used as reference. However, Dr. Van Den Aardweg said the study was "irrelevant for humans, besides being quantitatively incorrect. Theories on the influence of hormone on sexual development much depend on control mechanisms. Dr. Ellen Crant on her book Sexual Chemistry further explained that sexual development is controlled by our psychological reactions to hormone stimulation.
While it's all well and good to debate about scientific studies and scholarly opinions, nothing is more revealing than to find out what homosexuals really think about themselves. Reasons given for homosexual orientation are:
1. Early homosexual experience with adults or peers (22%)
2. Around homosexuals a lot, have a lot of homosexual friends (16%)
3. Poor relationship with mother (15%)
4. Unusual development (was a sissy, artistic, not get along with own gender,etc.) (15%)
5. Poor relationship with father (14%)
6. Heterosexual partners were unavailable (12%)
7. Social ineptitude (9%)
8. 1 was born that way belief (9%)
In conclusion, the scientific evidence has not demonstrated that homosexuality is a direct result of biological, genetic or neuro-hormonal causes. The most that can be said is that there could be some psychological basis for homosexuality, which could incline some persons more than others to homosexuality. As Masters and Johnsons said: "We're born man, woman, and sexual beings. We learn our sexual preferences and orientations." (Sources: Brian CLowes, Ph.D. "Pro-Life Activists' Encyclopedia"; Dr. Ellen Grant, "Sexual Chemistry: Understanding our Hormones, the Pill and HRT"; Cox & Wyman Ltd. 1994; Gerard Van Den Aardweg, Ph.D., "The Battle for Normality" Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 1997; Dr. Rene Josef Bullecer: "What You Should Know About Homosexuality"; "What causes Homosexuality and Can It Be Cured?" by the Institute for the Scientific Investigation of Sexuality, 1984)
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